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Reflectivity (radar) — how strongly precipitation reflects the radar beam. Higher = heavier rain or hail.
Convective Outlook — SPC's daily forecast of severe thunderstorm potential. Levels: TSTM (general thunder), MRGL (1/5), SLGT (2/5), ENH (3/5), MDT (4/5), HIGH (5/5).
Watch vs Warning — a watch means conditions favor severe weather over a wide area; a warning means severe weather is happening or imminent in a small area.
Mesoscale Discussion (MCD/MD) — SPC forecaster's short-term analysis of an evolving threat, usually preceding watch issuance.
Local Storm Report (LSR) — verified report of severe weather (tornado, hail size, wind damage, etc.) from a spotter, official, or the public.
AFD (Area Forecast Discussion) — your local NWS office's plain-English explanation of why they're forecasting what they're forecasting. The most insightful free product.